Cement Manufacturing—Technology, Practice, and Development
WEBNov 17, 2021 · Vertical Shaft Kiln. Vertical shaft kiln (VSK) is a lowvolume and "obsolete" technology for cement manufacturing. VSK consist of a refractorylined, vertical cylinder that is < 3 m in diameter and about 10 m tall. Raw meal pellets and finegrained coal, called black meal, are mixed and fed from the top of VSK to produce clinker at the ...